National Science Day 2023: Every year on November 7, the birth of Indian physicist Sir Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman is commemorated. He discovered the Raman effect on February 28, 1928 and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for this discovery.
This article includes instances from his birth, early life, career, various achievements and more.
CV Raman: Biography
CV Raman or Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman was born on November 7, 1888 in Tiruchirappalli, South India. His father was a teacher of mathematics and physics. In his youth, he was exposed to an academic environment. His contribution to science and innovative research has helped India and the world.
He discovered the Raman effect and received the Nobel Prize in Physics for this discovery. National Science Day is observed every year on February 28 to pay tribute to Nobel laureate Dr. CV Raman.
Name: Dr. Chandrashekhra Venkataraman or CV Raman
Name: Dr. Chandrashekhra Venkataraman or CV Raman Born: 07.11.1888 Place of Birth: Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu Father’s Name: R. Chandrashekhara Aiyer Mother’s Name: Parvathi Ammal Spouse Name: Lokasundari Ammal Died: November 21, 1970 Place of Death: Bangalore, India Discovery: Raman effect Awards: Matteucci Medal, Knight Bachelor, Hughes Medal, Nobel Prize in Physics, Bharat Ratna, Lenin Peace Prize, Fellow of the Royal Society |
dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (CV Raman): Early Life and Family
dr. CV Raman was born on 7 November 1888 to a South Indian Brahmin family in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu. His father’s name was Chandrasekhara Ramanathan Iyer, he was a lecturer in mathematics and physics at a college in Vishakhapatnam. His mother’s name was Parvathi Ammal.
CV Raman was an intelligent student from early childhood. At the age of 11, he passed his matriculation and 12th grade at the age of 13 on a scholarship. In 1902, he joined Presidency College and got his degree in 1904. At that time, he was the only student to get first division. At the same university, he obtained a master’s degree in physics and broke all previous records. In 1907, he married Lokasundari Ammal and had two sons, Chandrasekhar and Radhakrishnan.
READ| What is the Raman effect? Learn about the Nobel Prize-winning theory of CV Raman physics
dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (CV Raman): Career
Due to his father’s interest, he appeared for the Financial Civil Service (FCS) examination and passed it. In 1907 he went to Calcutta (now Kolkata) and joined as Assistant Accountant General. But in his spare time he went to the laboratory to do research at the Indian Association for the Breeding of Science. Let us tell you that his work was very demanding and he also continued his research work at night due to his core interest in science.
Although the facilities available in the laboratory were very limited, he continued his research and published his findings in leading international journals including ‘Nature’, ‘The Philosophical Magazine’, ‘Physics Review’ etc. At that time his research was focused on the areas of vibration and acoustics.
He got the opportunity to join Calcutta University in 1917, as the first Palit professor of physics. After 15 years in Calcutta, he became a professor at the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore from 1933 to 1948, and from 1948 he became the director of the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore, which he himself founded and endowed.
CV Raman’s birth anniversary: History, significance and achievements
dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (CV Raman): Works and Discoveries
He founded the Indian Journal of Physics in 1926 where he was the editor. He also sponsored the establishment of the Indian Academy of Sciences and served as its president from its inception. He was the president of the Current Science Association in Bangalore, which publishes Current Science (India).
In 1928 he wrote an article on the theory of musical instruments for the 8th volume of the Handbuch der Physik. He published his paper on “Molecular Diffraction of Light” in 1922 which led to his final discovery of the radiation effect on February 28, 1928 and enabled him to receive the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. He became the first Indian to win the Nobel Prize.
Other research conducted by Dr. CV Raman was the diffraction of light by acoustic waves of ultrasonic and hypersonic frequencies and the effects produced by X-rays on infrared vibrations in crystals exposed to ordinary light.
In 1948, he also dealt with fundamental problems of crystal dynamics. His laboratory dealt with the structure and properties of diamonds, and the structure and optical behavior of numerous iridescent substances such as pearls, agates, opals, etc.
He was also interested in colloid optics, electrical and magnetic anisotropy, and the physiology of human vision.
Without a doubt, he was honored with a large number of doctorates and memberships in scientific societies. In 1924 he was also elected a Fellow of the Royal Society early in his career, and in 1929 he was knighted.
As briefly described, he is best known for the discovery of the ‘Raman effect’ or the theory related to the scattering of light. He showed that when light passes through a transparent material, some of the reflected light changes its wavelength.
READ| List of important discoveries in physics
dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (CV Raman): Awards and Honors
– In 1924 he was elected a member of the Royal Society at the beginning of his career, and in 1929 he was knighted.
– He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930.
– He was awarded the Franklin Medal in 1941.
– He was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1954, India’s highest civilian award.
– In 1957, he received the Lenin Peace Prize.
– In 1998, the American Chemical Society and the Indian Association for the Advancement of Science recognized Raman’s discovery as an international historical chemical landmark.
– India celebrates the National Science Day every year on February 28 to commemorate the discovery of the Raman effect in 1928 in his honor.
In 1970, he had a massive heart attack while working in the laboratory. He breathed his last at the Raman Research Institute on November 21, 1970.
dr. CV Raman was one of the great legends of India whose hard work and determination made India proud and became the first Indian to win the Nobel Prize in Physics. He proved that if a person wants to achieve his desires, no one can stop him. His interest in science and dedication to research led him to discover the Raman effect. He will always be remembered as a great scientist, physicist and Nobel laureate.
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Source: HIS Education