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Neco Geography Past Questions and Answers 2023 Objective & Practical
Geography PAPER II
Paper 2 will last for 1 hour
Attempt all questions from this section
Answer all questions.
Choose the correct option for each question and shade in pencil on your answer sheet, die answer space that bears the same letter as the option you have chosen. Give only one answer to each question and erase completely any answer you wish to change.
Do all the rough work on this question paper.
An example is given below.
Which of these countries does not share a border with Nigeria?
A. Benin
B. Cameroon
C. Chad
D. Niger
E. Togo The correct option is “Togo” which is lettered E. Therefore answer space E would be shaded.
[A] [B] [C] [D] [E]
Use the map of MOLAI S.W to answer questions 1 -10.
1. The scale of the map in Representative Fractions is
A. 1:50,000.
B. 1:100,000.
C. 1:150,000.
D. 1:200,000.
E. 1:250,000.
2. What is the approximate distance in Km, along the footpath, from Iwere to Uvu?
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 9
E. 10
3. The contour interval of the map in meters is
A. 20.
B. 30.
C. 40.
D. 50.
E. 100.
4 The wireless mast on the map is located at an altitude of________ metres.
A. 40
B. 100
C. 120
D. 140
E. 160
5. Which of the following pairs of settlements is intervisible?
A. Dakka and Lere
B. Dakka and Uvu
C. Iwere and Lere
D. Iwere and Uvu
E. Lere and Uvu
6. The drainage pattern of River Omomu can be described as
A. annular.
B. centripetal.
C. dendritic.
D. radial.
E. trellis.
7. The feature marked ‘X’ is a/an
A. cliff.
B. escarpment.
C. hill.
D. knoll.
E. valley.
8. The inhabitants of Iwere are most likely to be engaged in
A. farming.
B. fishing.
C. lumbering.
D. mining.
E. quarrying.
9. The approximate bearing of Dakka settlement from the Leper Hospital is
A. 65°.
B. 115°.
C. 120°.
D. 276°.
E. 320°.
10. What is the direction of the flow of River Ofu?
A. East
B. North
C. North-West
D. North-East
E. South-West
11. The planet that rotates in a clockwise direction is the
A. Earth
B. Jupiter.
C. Pluto.
D. Uranus.
E. Venus.
12. Which of the following is not an effect of earth rotation?
A. Day and night
B. Deflection of winds and ocean currents
C. Seasonal changes
D. Dawn and twilight
E. Daily rising and falling of
Geography PAPER III
Paper 2 will last for 1 hour 30min
Attempt all questions from this section
Question 1aii)
IMPROVED MEDICAL CARE
1. It has promoted excess births over deaths
2. It has a good knowledge of the causes of
infections and diseases and how to
prevent them has led to increase in
population
3. Better sanitation which has helped to
check outbreaks and spread of diseases
has led to population increase
Question 1b)
1. Relief: Jara is located in the lowland with
deep volcanic and alluvial plains which
favours the cultivation of crops and
habitations
2. Favourable climate: This area has
moderate temperate and abundant rainfall
throughout the year and is supported by
irrigation for the cultivation of crops
3. Fertile soil: Jara is blessed with rich
volcanic alluvial soils which favour the
growth of many crops
4. Intensive agriculture: The soil is
intensively and continuously cultivated
because of its fertility for the growth of
rice and other crops
Question (2ai)
URBAN:
1. -Industrial function
2. -Commercial function
3. -Administrative function
RURAL:
1. -Agricultural function
2. -Lumbering function
3. -Fishing function
Question (2b)
1. Provision of food: Urban areas depend
on rural areas for food stuffs
2. Unskilled labour supply: Unskilled
labour supply usually come from rural to
urban industries
3. Medicinal herbs: Medicinal herbs and
roots are usually bought from rural to
urban areas for pharmaceuticals
Question 2c)
i)Rural areas provide urban areas with
food
ii)Rural areas provide urban areas with
unskilled labour
iii)urban areas provide rural areas with
manufactured goods
iv)urban areas provide rural areas with
higher education
v)Rural areas provide urban areas with
raw materials
Question (3b)
-Labour
-Transport
-Market
-Water
-Site
-Climate
Question 3c)
Factors Influencing Industrial Location
Availability of raw materials: In
determining the location of an industry,
nearness to sources of raw materials is of
vital importance.
Availability of Labour: Adequate supply
of cheap and skilled labour is necessary for
the industry. The attraction of industry
towards labour centres depends on the ratio
of labour cost to the total cost of
production which Weber calls the ‘Labour
cost of Index’.
Proximity to Markets: Access to markets
is an important factor which the
entrepreneur must take into consideration.
Industries producing perishable or bulky
commodities which cannot be transported
over long distances are generally located in
close proximity to markets.
Industries located near the markets could
be able to reduce the costs of transport in
distributing the finished product as in the
case of bread and bakery, ice, tins, cans
manufacturing, etc. Accessibility of
markets is more important in the case of
industries manufacturing consumer goods
rather than producer goods.
Transport Facilities: Transport facilities,
generally, influence the location of the
industry. Transportation with its three
modes, i.e., water, road, and rail
collectively plays an important role. So the
junction points of waterways, roadways
and railways become humming centres of
industrial activity.
Further, the modes and rates of transport
and transport policy of the Government
considerably affect the location of
industrial units. The heavy concentration of
the cotton textile industry in Bombay has
been due to the cheap and excellent
transportation network both in regard to
raw materials and markets.
Power: Another factor influencing the
location of an industry is the availability of
cheap power. Water, wind, coal, gas, oil
and electricity are the chief sources of
power. Both water and wind power were
widely sought as sources of power supply
before the invention of the steam engine.
During the nineteenth century, nearness to
coal fields became the principal locating
influence on the setting up of new
industries, particularly, heavy industries.
With the introduction of other sources of
power like electricity, gas, oil, etc. the
power factor became more flexible leading
to the dispersal and decentralization of
industries.
Question 4a)
DRAW A MAP MAP DESCRIPTION
-fadama plain
-river sokoto
-cross river
Question 4b)
i)presence of unique landforms
ii)presence of unique historical and
religious centres
iii)unique environmental condidtion
iv)presence of natural and artificial lake
Question 4c)
1. Unstable political factors and
government policies
2. Inadequate maintenance of tourist centre
3. High rate of crime rate in the country
4. Outspread of diseases
Question (5a)
DRAW THE GRAPH
Question (5b)
Movement of goods and services
1. Movement of people
2. Development of tourism
3. Opening up new lands and areas
4. Generation of revenue
Question (5c)
1. It is very costly to build and maintain
railways
2. Railway transport is relatively slow in
some other areas
3. Railway network is generally poor
Question 6a)
The climate within Cross River plains is
tropical-humid with wet and dry seasons,
with average temperatures ranging between
15°C – 30°C, and the annual rainfall
between 1300 – 3000 mm
Question 8b)
1: Poor road network in Africa
2: Poor equipment of tools
3: Political issues among members in
Africa
Neco Geography Answers 2023 Essay Questions
The answers below are for 2022 NECO exam.
(1a)A conurbation is a region comprising several metropolises, cities, large towns, and other urban areas that, through population growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one continuous urban or industrially developed area(1b)(i) Shortage of residential housing: Conurbation allows the movement of people from the rural areas to the cities and towns which in turn results in population increase. An increase in the number of people living in urban areas often results in continuous scarcity of houses and a large sparse of land is also demanded further spread of settlement.
(ii) Increasing levels of pollution: Pollution of air, land and water is a major problem in most developing world cities. The drive to industrialisation brings with it inevitable problems, especially as legislation to protect the environment is often non-existent or rarely enforced. Furthermore, the hidden economy can add to the levels of pollution as small, unlicensed industries are set up in people’s homes or on rooftops. These industries release their pollutants into the air, land and water.
(iii) High Rate of Unemployment: The number of people living in cities who are capable of working is higher than the number of jobs available. As more people flood the cities in search of elusive jobs, the unemployment rate keeps growing. A significant percentage of Nigerian youths are unemployed and most of them stay in urban areas
(1c)(i) Housing development: Provision of more houses and social amenities at affordable rates to the people
(ii) Pollution control: Industrial areas should be created to limit the areas where industrial emissions are produced. Governments should aslo develop some strict laws guiding refuse dumping in an open environment(iii) Creation of employment opportunities: Government should create more jobs by establishing industries, supporting private investors, and should encourage entrepreneurship by providing more funds in the city.(2a)(i) Lack of Proper Drainage Facilities: Erosion which is caused by a lack of proper drainage facilities such as gutters is another major thing that has destroyed the state of Nigerian roads. Proper drainage facilities should be made available along with road networks so that water would no longer settle on the roads and wash away the asphalt surface.
(ii) Poor State of Roads: This is one of the major problems faced in this means of transportation. The majority of the roads are left in very bad shape as a result of erosions, portholes and inadequate drainage systems. The roads with potholes and uneven edges or surfaces make transportation not only difficult and stressful but also dangerous as some of those roads are from major sites of accidents.
(iii) Effects of Climate Change: Climate change has an impact on road transportation. Increased temperatures can make pavements soften and expand. This can create potholes, especially in high-traffic areas and can cause bridge joints to become stressed. These impacts can make the construction and maintenance of roads and highways very expensive.
(iv) Lack of proper maintenance: Poor land transport system maintenance is a major problem contributing to the poor state of transport infrastructure. The government fails to attend to them on time. Due to poor maintenance and low-quality materials, which have been used for repairs, over time the condition of such roads keeps getting worse.(2b)(i) Land transportation is substantially cheaper compared to air transportation(ii) Land transportation is more suitable for shorter distances and provides easy access to rural areas(iii) Land transportation provides easy door-to-door and flexible services(iv) Land transportation is adequate for moving goods in relatively smaller quantities and requires less packaging.
(2c)(i) Mobility of Labour and Capital: Transport reduces the rigours of immobility of certain factors of production. Mobility of labour and capital increases with the development of transport. An efficient network of transport services encourages the movement of people from one place to another.
(ii) Specialisation and Division of Labour: Transport helps each region and country to make optimum and efficient use of its national resources. The movement of goods and people from one place to another leads to specialisation and division of labour which results in minimum wastage of resources and a reduction in the cost of production.
(iii) Development of Agriculture: Transport helps in the development of agriculture. Agricultural products have grown to a large extent due to the efficient means of transport. Transport facilities help in the application of modern techniques in agriculture, and improve the quality of seeds and fertilizers.
(iv) Stability in prices: Transport facilities iron out wild fluctuations. Goods can be transported to places where there is scarcity and the prices are high from places where there is surplus and the prices are low. The movement of goods helps in maintaining uniform prices throughout the country and further tends to equalise the prices of goods throughout the world.(v) Employment Opportunities and Increase in the National Income: The various means of transport employ millions of people throughout the world. The economic development of a country depends upon the improved means of transport. Thus, transport contributes substantially to the national income of the nations.
(3a)Manufacturing industry is an industry involved in the process of converting raw materials or semi-finished products into finished products through the use of labour, machinery, tools and biological or chemical processing or formulation.
(3b)(i) Labour intensive: Most industries require a large amount of labour to manufacture products or services and the labour has a higher proportion of labour input than capital input which helps to create more employment.
(ii) Mainly small-scale industries: Small scale industries comprise small enterprises that manufacture goods or services with the help of relatively smaller machines and a few workers and employees which enables per capita income and resource utilization in the economy.
(iii) Production of consumer goods: Industrial goods are based on the demand for the consumer goods they help to produce. These consumer goods produced are final products or end products which consumers can purchase for use at home, school, work or for recreational or personal use.
(3c)(i) Heavy industry is a large-scale industry WHILE Light industry is a small-scale industry.
(ii) Heavy industry produces heavy or bulky goods WHILE Light industry produces relatively lightweight goods.
(iii) Heavy industry requires huge capital, a large quantity of raw material and sophisticated machinery WHILE Light industry requires less capital and less number of workers
(4b)(i) Protection of Forests: The existing forests should be protected. Apart from commercial cutting, unorganised grazing is also one of the reasons. There are several forest diseases resulting from parasitic fungi, rusts, mistletoes, viruses and nematodes which cause the destruction of trees. The forests should be protected either by use of chemical spray, antibiotics or by development of disease resistant strains of trees.
(ii) Regulated and Planned Cutting of Trees: Cutting of trees should be regulated by adopting methods like Clear cutting method which is useful for those areas where the same types of trees are available over a large area, in selective cutting of only mature trees and shelter wood cutting where first of all useless trees are cut down followed by medium and best quality timber trees.
(iii) Reforestation and Afforestation: Reforestation may be done by natural or artificial methods. Any forested land, which has been destroyed by fire or mining activities, should be reforested. For afforestation, selection of trees should be done according to local geographical conditions and care must be taken during initial growth of the trees.
(4c)(i) It makes land to lose its biological and economic value(ii) It leads to reduction in agricultural productivity(5b)(i) Provision of employment: The process of exploration and mining of these minerals usually generates job opportunities for people which in turn creates job employment.
(ii) Generation of revenue: One of the ways that the government of Nigeria generates revenues for the Nigerian economy is through the Taxes paid by mining companies including the export and import duties on minerals that are gotten from the country’s rich deposits.
(iii) Foreign exchange earning: The activities of mining have led to the export of minerals like petroleum, coal and tin from Nigeria thus, providing foreign exchange for the country’s economy.
(5c)[TABULATE] =PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH MINERAL EXPLOITATION IN NIGERIA=(i) Landscape defacement(ii) Increase in soil erosion(iii) Air pollution from engines
=SOLUTIONS=(i) Proper management of exploitation sites(ii) Development of a proper drainage system(iii) Use of modern technology for exploration.(6a)(i) Generation of hydropower: Dams generate hydroelectric power for the country and this increases the standard of living such as through domestic use of power. The energy produced from the dams is clean and pollution free.
(ii) Promotes irrigating farming: Dams and waterways store and provide water for irrigation which farmers use as water for growing crops. In areas where water and rain are not abundant, irrigation canals from rivers and dams are used to carry water thus, increasing food production and income.
(iii) Diversification of the economy: Dams aid in the diversification of the economy by developing many economic activities in the region such as farming, trade, industries, and increasing national income.
(iv) Control of flooding: The dam has controlled the flooding of the Niger River since the huge reservoir holds back a lot of water and better living standards, especially in the delta zone.
(6b)(i) Inadequate vegetation and erosion: Overgrazing, poor weed control, concentrated runoff, and wave erosion cause poor vegetative cover and erosion on a dam. The bare soil or sparse vegetative cover is especially susceptible to damage and erosion.
(ii) Obstructions in outlet channel: Beaver dams, accumulated sediment, and other obstructions placed in outlet channels can back water up into spillway outlets, reducing their capacity. Reduced discharge capacity will cause the reservoir to rise and possibly overtop the dam. Prolonged overtopping can cause dam failure.
(6c)(i) Areas of sparse vegetation should be reseeded with perennial grasses each spring or fall and control weeds by mowing or application of herbicides.
(ii) Remove beaver dams, sediment, and other obstructions in outlet channels so water does not back up into spillway pipes and apply extreme caution when attempting to remove accumulated debris during periods of high flow.
1-10: BCBBACACBD
11-20: DEADBCDAEE
21-30:DAACAADEAC
31-40: BADEDCAEAB
41-50: EBDDDDAEEB
51-60: BBEAABBCBC
No (3a)
(i)
The texture of a rock is the size, shape, and arrangement of the grains (for sedimentary rocks) or crystals (for igneous and metamorphic rocks. Example includes: basalt, andesite and rhyolite.
(ii)
The structure of an igneous rock is normally taken to comprise the mutual relationships of mineral or mineral-glass aggregates that have contrasting textures, along with layering, fractures, and other larger-scale features that transect or bound such aggregates.
(iii) Colour: Color index is an indicator of the types of minerals present, and the specific type of rock. The color index of an igneous rock is a measure of the ratio of dark colored, or mafic, minerals to light colored, or felsic, minerals.
(3b)
PLUTONIC ROCKS
– Plutonic rocks are formed when magma cools and solidifies underground.
– It cools at a very slow rate and may take thousands or millions of years to solidify.
VOLCANIC ROCKS
– Volcanic rocks are formed from lava that flows on the surface of the Earth and other planets and then cools and solidifies.
– It doesn’t cool at a very slow rate and it doesn’t take thousands or millions of years to solidify.
(4a)
(TABULATE)
(UNDER WEATHER)
(i) Weather is the atmospheric over a condition of a place short period (days, weeks, hours, months).
(ii) Weather changes very often.
(iii) Weather cannot be generalized.
(UNDER CLIMATE)
(i) Climate is the average condition of a place over a long period of time (35 years).
(ii) Climate does not change very often.
(iii) Climate can be generalized.
(7a)
Environmental resources means any useful item in the environment or materials and substances that are useful to man.
(7b)
[PICK ANY FOUR] (i) Atmospheric resources
(ii) Human resources
(iii) Mineral resources
(iv) Land resources
(v) Vegetation resources.
(7c)
[PICK ANY TWO] (i) Forest resources such as timber products provide raw materials for the local industries e.g. furniture industry.
(ii) Forest resources provide herbs for pharmaceutical and herbal industries and clinics. They contribute positively to the health of the people.
(iii) Exportation of forest resources provide government with foreign exchange e.g. export of timber.
(iv) It helps various levels of government to generate revenue from taxes imposed on products and firms involved in the exploitation of forest resources.
(v) Grasslands provide food for livestock which serves as food for man.
(vi) Forest resources provide habitation for wildlife and also help to promote tourism e.g. Yankari game reserve in Nigeria etc.
(8a)
TABULATE
=GIS=
(i) It is cost effective and requires less manpower as it is tool-based.
(ii) It requires field study to interpret data into useful information
=REMOTE SENSING=
(i) It is a costly affair as the data is incurred from space and through sensors and satellites.
(ii) It reduces manual work and ground field study.
(8b)
(i) In Telecommunication: Satellite remote sensing have been found to be more useful and relevant in telecommunication. The satellite remote sensing has made it possible for regional, national and international communication without being in direct contact with human beings.
(ii) In Transportation: The availability of high resolution commercial remote sensing has contributed to a revolution to the transport network. The satellite remote sensing is useful to transportation, it helps to improve the trafficability of the roads and also contributed greatly in the movement of aero planes, jets and even seen beyond the bonds of human eye sight.
(8c)
(i) Inadequate Power
(ii) Inadequate Personnel
(iii) Inadequate Personnel
(iv) Inadequate capital
The questions below are not exactly 2023 NECO Geography questions and answers but likely NECO Geography repeated questions and answers.
These questions are strictly for practice. The 2023 NECO Geography expo will be posted on this page on the day of the NECO Geography examination. Keep checking and reloading this page for the answers.
1. a) Highlight any three main characteristics of each of the following settlement types:i) village;ii) town.
b) State any four factors which are responsible for the growth of urban centres.
2. a) Define the following population terms:i) census;ii) mortality rate;
b) family planning. Outline any three problems confronting a country that is overpopulated.
c) Highlight any three ways by which the problem of overpopulation can be solved.
3. Write a geographical description of Chad Basin under the following:
a) relief and drainage;b) people, population and settlement;c) economic activities;d) problems of development.
4. (a) Draw an outline map of Africa. On the map, show and name:(i) any three rivers important for generating hydroelectricity;(ii) any two dams on two of the rivers.
(b) Outline any five benefits of hydroelectric power to the people of Africa.
NECO Overview
NECO, also known as the National Examination Council, is a prominent examination body in Nigeria responsible for conducting two significant examinations: the Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (SSCE) in June/July and the General Certificate in Education (GCE) in November/December.
NECO was established in April 1999 under the leadership of former Head of State, Abdulsalami Abubakar. One of its notable achievements was being the first federal organization in Nigeria to offer subsidized registration to academic candidates, making it more accessible to students.
The primary purpose of NECO was to take over the responsibilities previously held by the National Board of Education Measurement (NBEM). In fulfilling its mandate, NECO conducted its inaugural examination in the middle of the year 2000.
In summary, NECO plays a crucial role in the Nigerian education system by administering the SSCE and GCE examinations, providing students with essential opportunities to demonstrate their academic achievements. Established in 1999, it was tasked with supplanting the NBEM, and since then, it has been instrumental in evaluating students’ educational progress across the country.
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Categories: General
Source: HIS Education